Level 1: The Endocannabinoid System

What Are Cannabinoids?

Cannabinoids are natural compounds found in cannabis plants and even in our own bodies! They work with a system inside us called the endocannabinoid system (ECS) to help keep things balanced, like mood, sleep, pain, and appetite.

THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)

THC is the main compound in cannabis that makes people feel “high.” It primarily attaches to CB1 receptors in the brain, affecting memory, movement, and how we feel. It can also help with pain and nausea.

CBD (Cannabidiol)

CBD does not make you feel high like THC does. Instead, it helps the body relax and may reduce stress, pain, and inflammation. People use it for anxiety, sleep, and even epilepsy.

CBN (Cannabinol)

CBN comes from THC as cannabis ages. It is known for making people feel sleepy and may help with insomnia. Some studies also suggest it helps with pain relief.

CBG (Cannabigerol)

CBG is sometimes called the “mother of all cannabinoids” because other cannabinoids start as CBG before changing into THC, CBD, or CBN. It might help with focus, inflammation, and even protecting the brain.

CB1 Receptors

CB1 receptors are primarily found in the brain and central nervous system. They are responsible for the psychoactive effects of THC.

CB2 Receptors

CB2 receptors are primarily found in the peripheral organs, especially cells associated with the immune system. CBD has more of an effect on CB2 receptors.

The Terpenes

Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in many plants, including cannabis, that give them their distinct scents and flavors. They are responsible for the smell of citrus fruits, pine trees, lavender, and cannabis.

Myrcene has an earthy, musky aroma with a hint of cloves and is often associated with the classic “couch-lock” feeling. Many believe it enhances THC’s sedative properties, making it ideal for winding down at the end of the day or promoting restful sleep.

Limonene is best known for its bright, citrusy aroma and its uplifting, mood-enhancing effects. It’s commonly found in strains that help with stress relief, creativity, and focus.

Pinene has a fresh, woodsy scent reminiscent of pine forests and is valued for its ability to promote mental clarity and alertness. Some research suggests it may even help counteract THC-induced forgetfulness, making it a good option for those looking to stay productive.

Linalool is a terpene known for its calming, floral aroma and its ability to reduce stress and anxiety. It’s commonly associated with relaxation and is often present in strains that help with sleep or mood balance.

Caryophyllene – The Body Balancer. It directly interacts with CB2 receptors, which play a role in pain and inflammation regulation. It has a spicy, peppery aroma and is often found in strains that help with stress relief and physical discomfort.

Humulene is found in cannabis, hops, and various plants. It has a woody, earthy, and slightly spicy aroma—often compared to the smell of hops in beer. Known for its anti-inflammatory and appetite-suppressing properties, it stands out among cannabis terpenes.

The Entourage Effect

When terpenes and cannabinoids work together, they create a stronger, more balanced effect. This is known as the Entourage Effect.